About the Program

The Buffalo State University dual M.A./M.S. degree program in Conservation of Art and Cultural Heritage, and Conservation Science and Imaging prepares students for careers as professional conservators caring for works of artistic, historical, and cultural significance. The three-year graduate program is inter- and cross-disciplinary with an educational balance between theory and practice. The instruction provides students with a broad background in conservation treatment, examination and analysis of artwork and cultural heritage, photo-documentation and technical imaging, and the implementation of scientific instrumentation for conservation in their first year. In the second year, students continue taking advanced imaging and science courses and choose their specialization in objects, paintings, or paper conservation (or its subspecialties, book or photograph conservation). The third year is a 12-month internship at a museum, library, archive or other cultural heritage institution under the mentorship of a professional conservator, where students apply the information, knowledge and skills acquired on campus and continue learning in a professional setting.

Educational and Career Objectives
The M.A./M.S. in Conservation of Art and Cultural Heritage, and Conservation Science and Imaging combines the multi-disciplinary nature of scientific and imaging analysis with that of conservation theory and practice. The degree focuses on conservation treatment practice, decision-making, and ethics; as well as the science (chemistry, physics, and materials science) and imaging (optics, industrial photography, and computational photography) required for the examination, characterization, documentation, long term preservation, and display/storage of cultural materials.

The educational goals and career objectives of the Department are to provide the arts, humanities, and cultural heritage fields with well-educated, highly qualified, and responsible conservators. Graduates are prepared for positions as conservation professionals in museums, galleries, libraries, archives, historical societies, private practices, and regional conservation centers.

Admission Requirements

The Garman Art Conservation Department employs a holistic admissions process to admit the most promising candidates to the dual M.A./M.S. program. We are committed to equity in the admissions process, and our requirements and criteria for assessment are explained below.

1.) Undergraduate degree with a GPA of at least 2.8 evidenced by official transcripts from accredited institutions of higher education.

2.) Course work in the three areas below. Please note that the required course credits are given in semester credit hours. To calculate quarter hours to semester hour equivalents, multiply by 2/3. For example, 6 quarter hours are equal to 4 semester hours. A grade for each class must appear, except for some qualifying studio art and craft courses (see 2c. below). We may request catalog descriptions or syllabi to determine if a course meets the requirements. For courses taken spring 2020 through spring 2021 pass/fail grades will be accepted. For courses in progress at the time of application, please provide evidence of enrollment with your application.

2a.) Art History and Cultural Heritage: 18 Semester Credit Hours (9 credits must be Art History coursework).
Course distribution: Qualifying courses require a specific focus on art and artifacts and may include courses within art history, physical anthropology, and archaeology. Examples of courses that do not meet this requirement are history, museum or collections studies, library science, literature or film studies, urban economics, human biology, evolution, languages, administration, internships. Courses in conservation may be listed under conservation experience. This requirement ensures exposure to and understanding of a wide array of artistic, cultural, and historic works, as well as critical thinking, vocabulary, and writing skills.

2b.) Science: 16 Semester Credit Hours
Course distribution: Must include two semesters of introductory/general chemistry with labs and one semester of organic chemistry with lab, or equivalent coursework. A fourth-semester science course with a lab is required and may be one of the following: organic chemistry II, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis, physical chemistry, material science, mineralogy, or physics. Courses for non-science majors will not be accepted. In-person or hands-on laboratory courses are required unless your education was affected by the pandemic (Spring 2020 through Spring 2021). This requirement ensures applicants have the necessary science background, including familiarity with laboratory skills, equipment and techniques, and the scientific grounding for advanced content in each conservation specialty.

2c.) Studio Art and Craft: 12 Semester Credit Hours or equivalent (see below)
Course distribution: Hands-on courses in a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional arts and crafts. Currently, non-credit formal studio art courses taught at museums and community centers can be counted toward this requirement at the rate of approximately 25 hours of studio time for one semester credit. Please submit documentation including institution name, course description, and course duration; no grade submission is required. Note: Courses that do not meet the requirement include computer graphics, digital photography, and short one- and two-day workshops. The intent of this requirement is for the applicant to demonstrate familiarity with a range of materials and techniques, fine hand/motor skills, and manual dexterity.

3.) Portfolio of Studio Art and Craft: Please submit a total of 7-10 works in both two and three dimensions. Works submitted do not have to be the result of formal studio courses. Note: Do not submit computer graphics, photography, abstract or expressionist artworks, as they do not demonstrate the manual skills we are evaluating. Include a cover page with the following information for each work: Title, media and support (include all materials and techniques employed), year created
context (academic course, independent project, etc.). Indicate how the work shows your proficiency with the materials and/or techniques. Include detailed images where appropriate. This requirement demonstrates the applicant’s hand skills and communicates mastery of materials and techniques to the selection committee. A high level of manual proficiency is necessary to learn and perform refined conservation treatments and scientific analyses.

4.) Conservation and related experience: Hands-on experience working under the guidance of a professional conservator at a museum, library, archive, regional center, and/or in a private conservation practice is highly recommended. This experience helps develop hand skills, acquire terminology, and allowing applicants to gain familiarity with the field before committing to a graduate program. Preventive conservation, courses in conservation, conference attendance, object handling, and other museum/library/archives tasks are also beneficial experiences. Most candidates accepted into the program demonstrate an awareness of conservation ethics and principles and have basic treatment experience.

5.) Curriculum Vitae (C.V.): Please follow the American Institute for Conservation (AIC) Emerging Conservation Professionals Network (ECPN) Guidelines for Resumes and CVs. https://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Resume_and_Curriculum_Vitae

6.) Personal Statement: Please provide a 1,000-word statement explaining why you are pursuing art conservation as a career, your strengths, your interest in the graduate-level education provided by the Garman Art Conservation Department, and how such training relates to your goals. Previous applicants should discuss any new skills or experiences since their last application.

7.) Letters of Recommendation: Please submit (only) three letters of recommendation. Two letters must be from conservators and/or allied professionals who can indicate your level of experience and likelihood of future success in the field of conservation. One must be from a professor or other academic reference who can speak to your academic ability and likelihood of success in an intensive graduate program. We recognize that some applicants may have difficulty obtaining an academic reference, and in such cases, a reference from a professional or supervisor will be accepted.

8.) English Language Requirements: Applicants for whom English is a second language must submit documentation of English language proficiency with a score from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), or the Duolingo English Test as documentation of English language proficiency. Applicants may be considered for admission with a minimum TOEFL score of 550 or higher on the paper exam or 79 on the Internet exam, an IELTS score of 6.0 or higher, or a Duolingo score of 100 or higher. Further information for International Applicants is available here: Graduate Studies.

Applicants should also review the Admission to a Graduate Program section in this catalog.

Application Deadline

Completed admission applications must be received by the department office no later than January 2 of the year in which admission is sought.

Learning Outcomes

Student Learning Outcomes
1. Historical Perspective & Cultural Context: Have a judicious understanding of the inextricable relevance of history, art history, cultural context with the contemporary perspectives of the object’s medium/media, aesthetic value, production methods and place of origin, and its relationship to the object’s ‘life time journey’, including previous conservation and restoration treatments and current condition.
2. Critical thinking & Problem Solving: To have the competency of integrating and synthesizing data and information from a multitude of sources of an historic or artistic work or collection of cultural objects to creatively plan sound conservation and restoration approaches. To adapt to work situations and conditions, and to innovate when necessary to successfully plan and execute conservation and restoration treatments.
3. Imaging, Technical Examination & Documentation: To master the techniques, instruments and equipment to examine and document the condition, characteristics, and method of manufacture of the historic and artistic works and cultural objects to be conserved and restored. To then be able to critically analyze the image data and derive useful information for use in diagnosis and in the development of sound conservation treatment options and preventive measures.
4. Scientific Analysis: To master scientific instrumentation to examine and analyze aspects of condition and method of manufacture of historic and artistic works and cultural objects to be conserved and restored. To critically analyze scientific/technical data and derive useful information for use in the development of sound conservation treatment options.
5. Craftsmanship & Hand skills: Demonstrate a high level of competence in the skills requiring eye-hand coordination and manual dexterity for detailed work and finish using a wide range of tools, techniques, and processes to conserve and restore historic and artistic works and cultural objects from beginning to end.
6. Professional Conduct & Ethical Behavior: Understanding the Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Practice of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works; functional knowledge and practical information on public relations; portfolio development for internships and future jobs; how to interview; and contribution to the profession’s body of information through publication and presentations of case studies and/or research.

Program Requirements

Total Required M.A. Courses (46 credit hours)
Required M.A. Courses (41 credit hours)
Paintings
CNS 620 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS I 2
CNS 621 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS 1 (LAB) 1
CNS 622 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS II 2
CNS 623 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS II LABORATORY 1
CNS 625 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTING III LABORATORY 1
Paper
CNS 630 TECHNOLOGY & CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER I 2
CNS 631 TECHNOLOGY & CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER I LABORATORY 1
CNS 632 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER II 2
CNS 633 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER II LABORATORY 1
CNS 635 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER III LABORATORY 1
Objects
CNS 640 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS I 2
CNS 641 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS I LABORATORY 1
CNS 642 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS II 2
CNS 643 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS II LABORATORY 1
CNS 645 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS III LAB 1
Professionalism
CNS 685 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION I 1
CNS 686 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION II 1
CNS 694 MASTER'S PROJECT I 1
CNS 695 MASTER'S PROJECT II 3
CNS 699 INTERNSHIP 12
CNS 698 INTERNSHIP SUSTAINING (Grade recorded as NR-not required.) 0
Electives (5 credit hours, select one pair)
CNS 624
& CNS 626 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS III SEMINAR
and TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS IV (5)
CNS 634
& CNS 636 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER III SEMINAR
and TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS OF ART ON PAPER IV (5)
CNS 644
& CNS 646 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS III
and TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS IV (5)
Total Required M.S. Courses
Required M.S. Courses (31 credit hours)
Imaging
CNS 600 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION I 2
CNS 601 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB I 1
CNS 602 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION II 2
CNS 603 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB II 1
CNS 604 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION III 2
CNS 605 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB III 1
CNS 606 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION IV 2
CNS 607 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB IV 1
Conservation Science (CS)
CNS 610 POLYMERS IN ART & CONSERVATION 3
CNS 611 POLYMERS IN ART & CONSERVATION (LAB) 1
CNS 612 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY, LIGHT & MATTER 2
CNS 613 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY, LIGHT & MATTER LABORATORY 1
CNS 614 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: INORGANIC MATERIALS IN ART AND CONSERVATION 3
CNS 615 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: INORGANIC MATERIALS IN ART & CONSERVATION LABORATORY 1
CNS 616 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTATIVE CONSERVATION 3
CNS 617 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTATIVE CONSERVATION (LAB) 1
Professionalism
CNS 685 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION I 1 1
CNS 686 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION II 1 (1)
Total Credit Hours M.A./M.S. Program 77
1 CNS 685 and CNS 686 are taken twice for 1 credit hour each for a total of 4 credit hours that are applied to both the M.A. degree and the M.S. degree.